GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine chelated with copper II; also called copper tripeptide-1) is a regenerative signaling peptide widely used in skin and scalp.

Key Properties and Effects
Biological delivery of copper (Cu²⁺)

Transports copper to Cu-dependent enzymes (e.g., lysyl oxidase, superoxide dismutase), essential for cross-linking collagen/elastin and for antioxidant defense.

Stimulation of dermal remodeling

↑ Synthesis of collagen I/III, elastin, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans.

↓ Activity of collagen-degrading MMPs (metalloproteinases) → Improved extracellular matrix quality.

Wound healing and anti-inflammation

Accelerates re-epithelialization, “orderly” angiogenesis, and wound contraction.

Modulates NF-κB and cytokines → less erythema/pain, improved barrier integrity.

Antioxidant and anti-aging

↑ antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase); ↓ ROS damage.

In cosmetic clinics: improves texture, firmness, fine lines, and more even tone.

Hair stimulation

Promotes anagen and hair shaft thickening; useful in miniaturization (supports androgenetic alopecia and effluvium, as an adjuvant).

Neuro/myoprotection (under study)

Protrophic signaling in nerve and muscle; preclinical data suggest support for regeneration.